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Inflorescences: How flowers are arrenged on the stem
Shape | Name and Description | Example |
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| SingleSometimes, there is only one flower on each stem, or the flowers are borne so far apart that they cannot be described as being part of the same flowering cluster. They are often large flowers, so do not need the support of other flowers to attract pollinators. The example is Papaver orientale. |
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| SpikeA Spike is a group of flowers arising from the main stem, without individual flower stalks (sessile). The example is Agastache foeniculum. |
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| RacemeA Raceme is a flower spike where the flowers have stalks of equal length, and the tip of the stem continues to grow and produce more flowers. Flowers open from the bottom up. The example is Linaria vulgaris. |
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| PanicleA Panicle is a branched raceme, each branch having a smaller raceme of flowers. The terminal bud of each branch continues to grow, producing more side shoots and more flowers. The example is Lagerstroemia indica. |
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| CymeA Cyme is a group of flowers in which the end of each growing point produces a flower, so new growth comes from side shoots and the oldest flowers are at the top. The example is Geranium pratense. |
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| VerticillasterA Verticillaster is a whorled inflorescence, where the flowers are borne in rings at intervals up the stem. The tip continues to grow, producing more whorls. This type of inflorescence is common in members of the Deadnettle/Mint Family (Lamiaceae). The example is Phlomis russelliana. |
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| CorymbA Corymb is a flower cluster where all the flowers are at the same level, with flower stalks of different lengths, forming a flat-topped flower cluster. The example is Achillea millefolium. |
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| UmbelAn Umbel is a flower head in which all the flower stalks are of the same length, so that the flower head is rounded like an umbrella. Many bulbs have this type of flower head. The example is Nerine bowdenii. |
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| Compound UmbelA Compound Umbel is an umbel where each stalk of the umbel produces a smaller umbel of flowers. This type of inflorescence is typical of members of the Celery Family (Apiaceae). The example is Crithmum maritimum. |
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| CapitulumA Capitulum is a flower head composed of many separate unstalked flowers close together. This type of inflorescence is typical of the Daisy Family (Asteraceae), where the outer flowers have one conspicuous large petal and the central disk is formed of flowers with smaller petals. The example is a Senecio species. |
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Knowing how a flower head is composed can give you an idea of how many seeds it might produce. Every flower can produce its own seed, so a multiple flower head can theoretically produce many seeds. In practice, particularly in the case of members of the Daisy Family (Asteraceae), not all the seeds develop, which might indicate that pollinators miss some flowers when they are packed closely
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